Price paid by India to the spread of Islam
Wednesday, January 1, 2020
Historic and ongoing Islamic violence in India and the Indian subcontinent since the violent arrival (c. 710 AD) and the spread of Islam in India.
1. American historian Will Durant wrote:
2. History of Islamic genocide of Hindus: by Dr. Koenraad Elst http://koenraadelst.bharatvani.org/articles/irin/genocide.html
3. Temple destruction. Thousands of temples were destroyed by the Islamic invaders of India. After it was created via the partition of India, Pakistan also destroyed hundreds of temples. Some examples of temple destructions:
3a. Somnath Temple: http://dharmaveer.blogspot.com/2009/02/islams-six-destructions-of-somnath.html .
3b. Ayodhya Ramajanmabhoomi Temple: http://dharmaveer.blogspot.com/2009/02/muslim-accounts-gloating-over.html .
3c. Ruined Temples of Rainawari , Kashmir http://thekashmir.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/ruined-temples-of-rainawari-kashmir/ .
3.d Temples of Kashmir – Looted & Plundered http://thekashmir.wordpress.com/2009/09/24/temples-of-kashmir-looted-plundered/
3.e Hindu Temples: What Happened to Them Vol. 1 by Sita Ram Goel http://voi.org/books/htemples1/
3.f Hindu Temples: What Happened to Them Vol. 2 by Sita Ram Goel http://voi.org/books/htemples2/
![](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_usj4GGJpXOSOuq8lV2zkzdbawbLcez5k9621vKLpI0R-GRi0vtINP7MfbcZG9Bx0IuSZEnnUPv4xTyMEUZWDl14z6DTgY=s0-d)
(The Somnath temple as it stands today, destroyed by Islam six times, rebuilt by Hindus six times.)
4. Islamist violence and chicanery in creating the partition: http://price2islam.blogspot.com/2009/12/partition-violence-and-games.html
5. Muslim League Attack on Sikhs and Hindus in the Punjab 1947, Compiled for the SGPC, by S. Gurbachan Singh Talib. http://www.voi.org/books/mla/
6. 1950 Bangladesh (then East Pak) pogrom against Hindus: http://www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node/6606
7. 1971 Pakistani genocide of Bengalis (3 million people killed, 2.5mn of them Hindus, 200,000 women raped, and 10 million people displaced): http://www.liberationwarmuseum.org/liberation-war/51-genocide-and-atrocities and see also: the Bangladesh Genocide Archive http://www.genocidebangladesh.org/
8. Massive ethnic Cleansing of Kashmiri Hindus by Jihadi infiltrators: http://www.kashmiri-pandit.org/sundry/genocide.html . See also: Kashmir Timeline: http://price2islam.blogspot.com/2009/12/kashmir-timeline.html
9. 2002 Gujarat train carnage (59 Hindus burned and charred alive by a Muslim mob, leading to horrible Gujarat riots): http://www.scribd.com/doc/6245523/godharaincident
10. 2008 Mumbai Taj Terrorist attack, 180 killed and over 500 maimed.
10a. Boston Globe's gallery of the violence: http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2008/11/mumbai_under_attack.html
10b. The mastermind of the attacks, terrorist Hafiz Saeed, is an honored guest in Pakistan: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Saeed-under-house-arrest-was-Pak-armys-iftar-guest/articleshow/5040239.cms
10c. Another plotter, Daood Gilani (aka "David Coleman Headley"). David Headley: quiet American with alleged links to Mumbai massacre http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6926193.ece | Pakistani American posed as Jew to case Mumbai Chabad, November 15, 2009 http://jta.org/news/article/2009/11/15/1009195/us-pakistani-posed-as-jew-to-case-mumbai-chabad ,
11. Plight of Hindus in some Muslim-majority areas in India: http://vijayvaani.com/FrmPublicDisplayArticle.aspx?id=931
12. Recent news report: Tortured in Pakistan, Hindu migrants want to stay in India, 9/13/2009. http://in.news.yahoo.com/43/20090913/812/tnl-tortured-in-pakistan-hindu-migrants.html
13. Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh (usually rampant during extremist BNP party rules, but the situation is somewhat better during Awami league governments):
13a. Bangladesh slammed for persecution of Hindus, Rediff. http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/nov/02aziz.htm
13b. Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh, hinduhumanrights.org. http://www.hinduhumanrights.org/Bangladesh/IndexBangladesh.html
13c. Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh, Indian Realist Blog. http://indianrealist.wordpress.com/2009/03/08/persecution-of-hindus-in-bangladesh/
13d. On The Brink: English Documentary on Bangladeshi Hindus. http://bangladeshwatchdog1.wordpress.com/about/hindu-persecution/
14. Persecution of Ahmadiyya Muslims in Pakistan: http://www.thepersecution.org/news/08/at0220.html
This is hardly a complete list. Will be updated over time.
An extensive list of online books on related topics at Voice of Dharma: http://voi.org/books
Around the world, hundreds of innocent people, including Muslims, killed every week by Islamic terrorists in the name of Islam: http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/index.html#Attacks ( http://tiny.cc/jihadtoll )
========
========
A log of some ongoing Islamic violence against Hindus and India.
There are scores of Islamic terrorist groups operating ( http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/index.html ) inside India, conducting violence against Hindus and others as in these recent incidents:
Hindus are naturally tolerant and secular (plausibly because Hinduism, instead of condemning non-followers as infidels/sinners, actually encourages everyone to undertake their own spiritual journey on any chosen spiritual path, and teaches that all living souls (Ātma) are manifestations of Paramātma (Supersoul ≈ god)). As a testament to that tolerance, many religious groups such as Zoarastrians and Jews (India is one of the few places in the world where Jews were never persecuted by the majority faith of the locale. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Jews , http://www.google.com/search?q=indian+jews , http://news.google.com/news?q=indian+jews , http://images.google.com/images?q=indian+jews , http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:http://www.gopio.net/indian_jews.doc ) came to India, exactly as did the Dalai Lama and his followers, escaping from severe persecution elsewhere, co-existed with the local Hindu population in the shelter and security provided by Hinduism-based India, many of them going on to thrive in their adopted homeland of India.
Hindus are more interested in culture, philosophy, spirituality and intellectual evolution than in dominating other people via warfare, violence and politicking, but when people and influences come to invade, subjugate and subsume India and its Hinduism and Dharma based culture, Hindus do not appreciate it, and through out history, they rose up (often, unfortunately, later than sooner) to reclaim their rights.
It's about giving respect and taking respect.
========
========
Hindus have way more than earned due respect with their rich and profound heritage and contributions to the current human civilization on many fronts such as languages, grammar, mathematics and sciences, spirituality, philosophy, religions, arts (two powerful types of classical music, Hindustani and Carnatic, and several distinctive and unmatched classical dance forms evolved in India; some videos on these dance forms can be found here), architecture, cuisines, yoga, meditation etc.
For starters, see the pivotally important contributions made my Hindus and Indians to mathematics in this article: Indian Mathematics: Redressing the balance, by Ian G Pearce http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Projects/Pearce/index.html
and, in particular, please go over the following chapter on the transmission of Indian mathematics to the Chinese, Persian and Arabic worlds, and via the latter two to Spain and other parts of Europe:
Here is a short list of key Indian contributions to languages and mathematics:
1. Sanskrit ( http://www.omniglot.com/writing/sanskrit.htm , http://sanskritdocuments.org/ ) is a primary root language of many language families such as Indo-European and Indo-Iranian languages
2. World's first grammar was invented by Panini ( http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Panini.html ) in c. 500 BC
3. India's Brahmic/Indic family of scripts ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmic_family_of_scripts ) are used by many languages (according to the wikipedia, "The Brahmic or Indic scripts are a family of abugidas used in the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and parts of Central and East Asia, which are descended from the Brāhmī script of northern India. They are used by languages of several language families: Indo-European, Tibeto-Burman, Mongolic, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic, Austronesian, Tai, and possibly Korean. They were also the source of the dictionary order of Japanese kana. .. The Siddham (modern Japanese pronunciation: shittan) script was especially important in Buddhism because many sutras were written in it, and the art of Siddham calligraphy survives today in Japan." )
4. Pingala ( http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pingala&oldid=325404664 ) invented the binary number system (used in today's digital technology such as computers) around 200 BC
5. Hindus/Indians invented algebra (Indian mathematicians such as Aryabhatta were solving quadratic equations at least 300 years before Persian mathematicians such as al-Khwarizmi were doing in the 9th century)
6. Bhaskara-II invented the concept of differentiation in c. 1150 AD, 500 years before Newton/Leibniz reinvented it. Without this concept and its inverse operation of integration (which together make up Calculus), modern science and technology could not have evolved.
We will explore the long list of contributions by Hindus/Indians in future updates and posts.
Islam's best architectural work evolved in India when it came in contact with the Indian people (who had already had thousands of years of architectural heritage such as grand temples, sculpture and other great works of art.) Of interest is this very recent finding on traditional Indian measurements (called Artha Sastra) that were used in the modular planning of the Taj mahal: http://www.scribd.com/doc/23367127/New-insights-on-the-modular-planning-of-the-Taj-Mahal-using-the-traditional-measurement-units-mentioned-in-the-Arthasastra
There are many good reasons why Mr. Hu Shih, an apparently well-known Chinese philosopher, poet, and later a diplomat, said the following about India:
1. American historian Will Durant wrote:
"the Islamic conquest of India is probably the bloodiest story in history. It is a discouraging tale, for its evident moral is that civilization is a precious good, whose delicate complex order and freedom can at any moment be overthrown by barbarians invading from without and multiplying from within. Almost all the Muslims of South Asia are descendants of weaker elements of the population who had succumbed to forcible Islamic conversion. The Islamic historians and scholars have recorded with great glee and pride of the slaughters of Hindus, forced conversions, abduction of Hindu women and children to slave markets and the destruction of temples carried out by the warriors of Islam during 800 AD to 1700 AD. Millions of Hindus were converted to Islam by sword during this period."
-- Source: Will Durant, "The Story of Civilization: Our Oriental Heritage", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Durant
2. History of Islamic genocide of Hindus: by Dr. Koenraad Elst http://koenraadelst.bharatvani.org/articles/irin/genocide.html
3. Temple destruction. Thousands of temples were destroyed by the Islamic invaders of India. After it was created via the partition of India, Pakistan also destroyed hundreds of temples. Some examples of temple destructions:
3a. Somnath Temple: http://dharmaveer.blogspot.com/2009/02/islams-six-destructions-of-somnath.html .
3b. Ayodhya Ramajanmabhoomi Temple: http://dharmaveer.blogspot.com/2009/02/muslim-accounts-gloating-over.html .
3c. Ruined Temples of Rainawari , Kashmir http://thekashmir.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/ruined-temples-of-rainawari-kashmir/ .
3.d Temples of Kashmir – Looted & Plundered http://thekashmir.wordpress.com/2009/09/24/temples-of-kashmir-looted-plundered/
3.e Hindu Temples: What Happened to Them Vol. 1 by Sita Ram Goel http://voi.org/books/htemples1/
3.f Hindu Temples: What Happened to Them Vol. 2 by Sita Ram Goel http://voi.org/books/htemples2/
(The Somnath temple as it stands today, destroyed by Islam six times, rebuilt by Hindus six times.)
4. Islamist violence and chicanery in creating the partition: http://price2islam.blogspot.com/2009/12/partition-violence-and-games.html
5. Muslim League Attack on Sikhs and Hindus in the Punjab 1947, Compiled for the SGPC, by S. Gurbachan Singh Talib. http://www.voi.org/books/mla/
6. 1950 Bangladesh (then East Pak) pogrom against Hindus: http://www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node/6606
7. 1971 Pakistani genocide of Bengalis (3 million people killed, 2.5mn of them Hindus, 200,000 women raped, and 10 million people displaced): http://www.liberationwarmuseum.org/liberation-war/51-genocide-and-atrocities and see also: the Bangladesh Genocide Archive http://www.genocidebangladesh.org/
8. Massive ethnic Cleansing of Kashmiri Hindus by Jihadi infiltrators: http://www.kashmiri-pandit.org/sundry/genocide.html . See also: Kashmir Timeline: http://price2islam.blogspot.com/2009/12/kashmir-timeline.html
9. 2002 Gujarat train carnage (59 Hindus burned and charred alive by a Muslim mob, leading to horrible Gujarat riots): http://www.scribd.com/doc/6245523/godharaincident
10. 2008 Mumbai Taj Terrorist attack, 180 killed and over 500 maimed.
10a. Boston Globe's gallery of the violence: http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2008/11/mumbai_under_attack.html
10b. The mastermind of the attacks, terrorist Hafiz Saeed, is an honored guest in Pakistan: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Saeed-under-house-arrest-was-Pak-armys-iftar-guest/articleshow/5040239.cms
10c. Another plotter, Daood Gilani (aka "David Coleman Headley"). David Headley: quiet American with alleged links to Mumbai massacre http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6926193.ece | Pakistani American posed as Jew to case Mumbai Chabad, November 15, 2009 http://jta.org/news/article/2009/11/15/1009195/us-pakistani-posed-as-jew-to-case-mumbai-chabad ,
11. Plight of Hindus in some Muslim-majority areas in India: http://vijayvaani.com/FrmPublicDisplayArticle.aspx?id=931
12. Recent news report: Tortured in Pakistan, Hindu migrants want to stay in India, 9/13/2009. http://in.news.yahoo.com/43/20090913/812/tnl-tortured-in-pakistan-hindu-migrants.html
13. Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh (usually rampant during extremist BNP party rules, but the situation is somewhat better during Awami league governments):
13a. Bangladesh slammed for persecution of Hindus, Rediff. http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/nov/02aziz.htm
13b. Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh, hinduhumanrights.org. http://www.hinduhumanrights.org/Bangladesh/IndexBangladesh.html
13c. Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh, Indian Realist Blog. http://indianrealist.wordpress.com/2009/03/08/persecution-of-hindus-in-bangladesh/
13d. On The Brink: English Documentary on Bangladeshi Hindus. http://bangladeshwatchdog1.wordpress.com/about/hindu-persecution/
14. Persecution of Ahmadiyya Muslims in Pakistan: http://www.thepersecution.org/news/08/at0220.html
This is hardly a complete list. Will be updated over time.
An extensive list of online books on related topics at Voice of Dharma: http://voi.org/books
Around the world, hundreds of innocent people, including Muslims, killed every week by Islamic terrorists in the name of Islam: http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/index.html#Attacks ( http://tiny.cc/jihadtoll )
========
========
A log of some ongoing Islamic violence against Hindus and India.
There are scores of Islamic terrorist groups operating ( http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/index.html ) inside India, conducting violence against Hindus and others as in these recent incidents:
ATS cop killed by suspected SIMI man, chief minister vows action (Lead)and it's such groups, many Pakistan-backed, and terrorists such as the interpol-wanted Dawood Ibrahim ( http://www.interpol.int/public/Data/NoticesUN/Notices/Data/1993/93/1993_14193.asp ), Hafiz Saeed http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Interpol-issues-Red-Corner-notice-against-Hafiz-Saeed/articleshow/4934172.cms , and Global Jihad terrorists like Daood Gilani aka David Colemen Headley http://www.google.com/search?q=david+headley ), etal, that stir the pot and sprearhead and create the violence and unrest in India and elsewhere.
http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/ats-cop-killed-by-suspected-simi-man-chief-minister-vows-action-lead_100281837.html
November 29th, 2009
Bhopal, Nov 29 (IANS) A constable of the Anti-Terrorist Squad, involved in tracking members of the banned Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI), was killed along with two others by a suspected activist of the group, in Madhya Pradesh’s Khandwa district Saturday night. Six people have been arrested for the killings, police said Sunday.
The incident in Khandwa district, 200 km from here, occurred when the motorcycle borne assailant opened fire at ATS constable Sitaram Yadav (32) and two others - Jagatpal (25), son of a police constable, and Ravi Shankar Pare (50), a cooperative bank official. All the three died on the spot.
---
LeT militants confess role in 2008 B'lore blasts
http://news.oneindia.in/2009/12/03/let-militants-confess-2008-bangalore-serial-blasts.html
Thursday, December 3, 2009
Shillong, Dec 3: Two Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) operatives, who are being interrogated in India for involvement in 2005 attack on Indian Institute of Sciences (IISc) in Bangalore, have admitted admitted to involvement in the 2008 serial blasts in the IT hub.
The two militants identified as Nazir Tarian Dabede (25) and Siraj Shamshudeen Shamas (33) were handed over to India's Border Security Force (BSF) by Bangladesh BDR on Wednesday, Dec 2.
Nazir on Thursday, Dec 3 confessed to the interrogators of the Meghalaya police and BSF that, he planted the bombs in Bangalore along with an accomplice called Rahim.
---
Muslims attacked three temples and Hindu house holds in Kolkata
http://hinduexistence.wordpress.com/2009/12/10/muslims-attacked-three-temples-and-hindu-house-holds-in-kolkata/
Posted by hinduexistence on December 10, 2009
Within a moment some 2,000 Muslims gathered there at 10.30pm to attack the procession and a wishful rampage upon Hindus. They broke the mikes and lights of the procession. Moreover they did not spare the chance to attack upon the nearby Hindu temples. The Kali temple by the side of `Bipul Sangha’ Club was attacked first. Then the Muslim hoodlums started to enter far areas to attack and loot Hindu temples and houses. The images of Shiva temple and Kali temple of Adhibas Choudhury Lane in Darapar were broken at some 500 meters away from the Mosque. 20-25 Hindu houses were attacked and damaged. 20 Hindus were injured in this startling attack upon uncared and unprepared Hindus. Hindus of the area spent an unsecured and frightened hours in that night.
----
See also "India" and other entries in this list of Islamic attacks around the world: http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/index.html#Attacks
Hindus are naturally tolerant and secular (plausibly because Hinduism, instead of condemning non-followers as infidels/sinners, actually encourages everyone to undertake their own spiritual journey on any chosen spiritual path, and teaches that all living souls (Ātma) are manifestations of Paramātma (Supersoul ≈ god)). As a testament to that tolerance, many religious groups such as Zoarastrians and Jews (India is one of the few places in the world where Jews were never persecuted by the majority faith of the locale. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Jews , http://www.google.com/search?q=indian+jews , http://news.google.com/news?q=indian+jews , http://images.google.com/images?q=indian+jews , http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:http://www.gopio.net/indian_jews.doc ) came to India, exactly as did the Dalai Lama and his followers, escaping from severe persecution elsewhere, co-existed with the local Hindu population in the shelter and security provided by Hinduism-based India, many of them going on to thrive in their adopted homeland of India.
Hindus are more interested in culture, philosophy, spirituality and intellectual evolution than in dominating other people via warfare, violence and politicking, but when people and influences come to invade, subjugate and subsume India and its Hinduism and Dharma based culture, Hindus do not appreciate it, and through out history, they rose up (often, unfortunately, later than sooner) to reclaim their rights.
It's about giving respect and taking respect.
========
========
Hindus have way more than earned due respect with their rich and profound heritage and contributions to the current human civilization on many fronts such as languages, grammar, mathematics and sciences, spirituality, philosophy, religions, arts (two powerful types of classical music, Hindustani and Carnatic, and several distinctive and unmatched classical dance forms evolved in India; some videos on these dance forms can be found here), architecture, cuisines, yoga, meditation etc.
For starters, see the pivotally important contributions made my Hindus and Indians to mathematics in this article: Indian Mathematics: Redressing the balance, by Ian G Pearce http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Projects/Pearce/index.html
and, in particular, please go over the following chapter on the transmission of Indian mathematics to the Chinese, Persian and Arabic worlds, and via the latter two to Spain and other parts of Europe:
Chap. 8(III) Brahmagupta, and the influence on Arabia http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Projects/Pearce/Chapters/Ch8_3.html
The spread of Buddhism (around 500 AD) into China resulted in a period of cultural and scientific exchanges lasting several centuries. Chinese scholars are known to have translated the work of Brahmagupta; this highlights not only the quality of the work but the influence it had on the world outside India. R Gupta mentions four 'Brahminical' translations in a paper. During this time the decimal system and notation was adopted by Chinese scholars and as R Gupta states:
...Indian mathematical astronomy exerted a great influence in China during the (glorious) Thang Period (618-907). [RG4, P 11]
The lasting legacy of the BSS however was its translation by Arab scholars and its contribution to the 'forward progress' of mathematics. These translations, along with translated work of Aryabhata and (possibly) the Surya Siddhanta were responsible for alerting the Arabs, and the West to Indian mathematics (and astronomy), as G Joseph states:
...This was to have momentous consequences for the development of the two subjects. [GJ, P 267]
Of particular interest is the well told story of the Indian scholar who traveled to Baghdad, at the behest of Caliph al-Mansur (early ruler of the Arab Empire). R Gupta reports the story as such:
...In the year 156 (772/773 AD) there came to Caliph al-Mansur a man (an Ujjain scholar by the name of Kanka) from India, an expert in hisab (computation) bringing with him a work called Sindhind (i.e. Siddhanta) concerning the motions of the planets. [RG, P 12]
A translation of this work, thought to be Brahmagupta's BSS, was subsequently carried out by al-Fazari (and an Indian scholar) and had a far-reaching influence on subsequent Arabic works. The famous Arabic scholar al-Khwarizmi (credited with 'inventing' algebra) is known to have made use of the translation, called Zij al-Sindhind. Al-Khwarizmi (c. 780-850 AD) is known to have written two subsequent works, one based on Indian astronomy (Zij) and the other on arithmetic (possibly Kitab al-Adad al-Hindi). Later Latin translations of this second work (Algorithmi De Numero Indorum), composed in Spain around the 11th century, are thought to have played a crucial role in introducing the Indian place-value system numerals and the corresponding computational methods into (wider) Europe. Both Indian astronomy and arithmetic had a huge impact in Spain.
This discussion helps to highlight the influence that Indian mathematics had on Arabic mathematics, and ultimately, through Latin translations, on European mathematics
..
From Chapter 8 V. Bhaskaracharya II http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Projects/Pearce/Chapters/Ch8_5.html: Bhaskara is thought to be the first to show (ed. note: in c. 1150 AD, 500 years before Newton) that:
δ sin(x) = cos(x) δx
See also: 9 IV. Possible transmission of Keralese mathematics to Europe http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Projects/Pearce/Chapters/Ch9_4.html
Here is a short list of key Indian contributions to languages and mathematics:
1. Sanskrit ( http://www.omniglot.com/writing/sanskrit.htm , http://sanskritdocuments.org/ ) is a primary root language of many language families such as Indo-European and Indo-Iranian languages
2. World's first grammar was invented by Panini ( http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Panini.html ) in c. 500 BC
3. India's Brahmic/Indic family of scripts ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmic_family_of_scripts ) are used by many languages (according to the wikipedia, "The Brahmic or Indic scripts are a family of abugidas used in the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and parts of Central and East Asia, which are descended from the Brāhmī script of northern India. They are used by languages of several language families: Indo-European, Tibeto-Burman, Mongolic, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic, Austronesian, Tai, and possibly Korean. They were also the source of the dictionary order of Japanese kana. .. The Siddham (modern Japanese pronunciation: shittan) script was especially important in Buddhism because many sutras were written in it, and the art of Siddham calligraphy survives today in Japan." )
4. Pingala ( http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pingala&oldid=325404664 ) invented the binary number system (used in today's digital technology such as computers) around 200 BC
5. Hindus/Indians invented algebra (Indian mathematicians such as Aryabhatta were solving quadratic equations at least 300 years before Persian mathematicians such as al-Khwarizmi were doing in the 9th century)
6. Bhaskara-II invented the concept of differentiation in c. 1150 AD, 500 years before Newton/Leibniz reinvented it. Without this concept and its inverse operation of integration (which together make up Calculus), modern science and technology could not have evolved.
We will explore the long list of contributions by Hindus/Indians in future updates and posts.
Islam's best architectural work evolved in India when it came in contact with the Indian people (who had already had thousands of years of architectural heritage such as grand temples, sculpture and other great works of art.) Of interest is this very recent finding on traditional Indian measurements (called Artha Sastra) that were used in the modular planning of the Taj mahal: http://www.scribd.com/doc/23367127/New-insights-on-the-modular-planning-of-the-Taj-Mahal-using-the-traditional-measurement-units-mentioned-in-the-Arthasastra
There are many good reasons why Mr. Hu Shih, an apparently well-known Chinese philosopher, poet, and later a diplomat, said the following about India:
India Conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without ever having to send a single soldier across her border.
--Hu Shih
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu_Shih
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/h/hushih305253.html
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